Oppose "Right to Farm" Legislation

In response to growing public concern about factory farming, some states have banned certain industrial farming practices that have been shown to cause animal suffering, threaten public health, pollute water, reduce air quality and negatively impact property values. Rather than reform destructive practices, corporate agribusiness is responding by pushing "Right to Farm" (RTF) laws.

Right to Farm laws seek to preserve the status quo by greatly limiting the ability of states to regulate conditions on farms, including the cruel confinement of farm animals and other environmental and public health threats. Ultimately, RTF laws protect the interests of industrial agriculture over those of small farmers, local communities, animals and the environment.

What Is the Purpose of "Right to Farm" Legislation?

So-called "Right to Farm" statutes first cropped up in the 1970s when urban centers began encroaching on rural areas and lawmakers became concerned about conflicts over the use of agricultural land. These laws vary in their scope, but generally aim to protect farmers from property disputes and litigation.

Examples of these laws include:

Prohibiting local governments from enacting more stringent agricultural regulations than the minimums required by state law, regardless of local demand.
Restricting communities from suing, even if the agricultural operation has expanded significantly or changed practices that impact water quality, air quality or quality of life for residents.
Restricting communities from suing if a farm operation engages in "generally accepted agricultural management practices" that do not violate any laws, but may create documented public health or environmental threats.
Ordering plaintiffs to pay the legal fees of the agricultural entity being sued (the defendant) if they (the plaintiffs) lose the case to discourage communities from challenging agribusiness.

Recent "Right to Farm" Legislation

Right to Farm laws have been enacted in some form in every state. But in recent years—partially as a tactical shift by agribusiness away from proposing unpopular ag-gag laws—more overreaching versions of these laws are being introduced. The most troubling pattern emerging in RTF laws is the passage of state-level constitutional amendments. When a state enshrines the "Right to Farm" in its constitution, it elevates farming to the same untouchable status as other constitutional rights, including the right to religious freedom and the right to vote. No other for-profit industry is afforded such protections.

Arizona — Introduced RTF legislation in 2021, specifically protecting farming operations that expand in size or change their agricultural practice from nuisance lawsuits. The legislation failed but was reintroduced in 2024 to include water uses under agricultural nuisance exemptions. It passed but was vetoed by the governor of Arizona.

Florida — Passed RTF legislation in 2021, specifically protecting farms against nuisance lawsuits from agritourism, requiring any nuisance lawsuits to prove a farm’s activity violated the law and greatly limiting the amount and type of damages that may be awarded.

Indiana — Introduced RTF legislation [PDF] to amend the Indiana State Constitution in 2015. Rejected by the Legislature. Reintroduced RTF legislation in 2021 to protect agricultural operations from nuisance lawsuits. Additionally, introduced a resolution in 2021 to amend the Indiana State Constitution to add RTF protections, specifically, to protect farmers and ranchers who adopt certain technology, production, and ranching practices. Both attempts failed.

Iowa — Passed RTF legislation [PDF] in 2017, specifically protecting Confined Animal Feeding Operations ("CAFOs"; another term for factory farms) from nuisance lawsuits by limiting the amount and type of damages that may be awarded.

Kansas — Updated its RTF legislation in 2013, specifically protecting farming operations that expand their acreage or increase the size of their livestock operations.

Missouri — Narrowly passed a ballot measure in 2014 adding a RTF provision (Art. I Sec. 35) to the Missouri State Constitution.

Nebraska — Introduced RTF legislation [PDF] in 2019, specifically protecting farming operations that expand in size or change the type of agricultural product produced.

New Mexico — Passed RTF legislation in 2016, specifically protecting agricultural operations that expand in size or adopt new technology.

North Carolina — Passed RTF legislation [PDF] in 2017, specifically protecting agricultural operations from nuisance lawsuits by limiting the amount of damages that may be awarded.

North Dakota — Passed a ballot measure in 2012 adding a RTF provision (Art. XI. Sec. 29) [PDF] to the North Dakota State Constitution.

Oklahoma — Introduced a ballot measure in 2016 to add a RTF provision [PDF] to the Oklahoma State Constitution. Rejected by voters. Passed RTF legislation in 2019, specifically protecting agricultural operations from nuisance lawsuits by limiting the amount of damages that may be awarded. Passed RTF legislation in 2024 protecting poultry agricultural operations from nuisance lawsuits if they follow "generally accepted" farming practices.

South Dakota — Passed RTF legislation in 2023, specifically protecting agricultural operations from nuisance lawsuits by limiting the amount of damages that may be awarded.

Texas — Passed a ballot measure in 2023, adding a RTF provision to the Texas State Constitution, enshrining Texan's right to engage in "generally accepted" farming practices.

Utah — Passed RTF legislation in 2019, specifically protecting farming operations that expand in size or change the type of agricultural product produced. In 2023, expanded that by passing a law that pre-empts local government from passing any regulation that would "prohibit or effectively prohibit" the operation of an "animal enterprise," which includes factory farms raising animals in extreme confinement.

Vermont – Introduced RTF legislation in 2020, specifically protecting farming operations that expand in size, adopt new technology, change ownership or change the type of agricultural product produced. The bill failed.

West Virginia — Passed RTF legislation [PDF] in 2019, specifically protecting farming operations that expand in size and greatly limiting the amount of damages affected communities can recover. Introduced two RTF constitutional amendments (Senate Joint Resolution 5 and Senate Joint Resolution 6) in 2021. Both failed.

Wisconsin — Passed RTF legislation in 2024 pre-empting local governments from establishing animal welfare standards that are more stringent than those contained in state law, destroying other aspects of local control over the regulation of factory farms raising animals in extreme confinement. Wisconsin’s governor vetoed the bill before it went into effect.

Join the ASPCA Advocacy Brigade to stay up to date on ways you can help! You can also contact your governor and state legislators to ask them to reject any attempts to pass these harmful laws, which protect the cruel practices of industrial farming.